文章编号：1672-5328（2012）03-0001-06

陆化普
（清华大学交通研究所，北京 100084）

摘要：城市交通拥堵问题已经成为城市发展的瓶颈，导致城市交通拥堵的根本原因是交通供需关系的不平衡。因此，需要探讨影响交通供需关系的主要因素，不同供给策略与需求管理对策的影响规律以及实现生态城市绿色交通系统的供需动态平衡策略。通过动力机制分析和经验总结，阐述了城市交通供给策略与交通需求管理对策当前存在的主要问题及其作用机理，提出了交通供给策略和交通需求管理对策的研究内容以及五维度综合分析法，并据此提出了城市交通供给策略与交通需求管理对策的制定框架和技术要点。解决交通供需不平衡的矛盾必须从供需两个方面同时采取措施，交通需求管理对策也不是权宜之计，而始终是实现交通供需关系动态平衡的不可或缺的重要方面。

关键词：交通供给策略；交通需求管理；五维度综合分析法；供需关系；资源优化配置

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Strategies of Supply of Urban Transport Infrastructure and Travel Demand Management

Lu Huapu
(Institute of Transportation Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract：Serious traffic congestion, caused by unbalanced supply and demand, is becoming bottlenecks of urban development. It is important to investigate the key factors that influence the unbalanced demand and supply relationship, and study the impact of different strategies in managing travel demand and transportation supply strategy in order to reach a balanced green transportation system. Through the driving mechanism  analysis and experience, this paper discusses the existing urban transportation problems and their impact, and proposes the five-dimensional analysis methods and demand-supply research topics, based on which the framework for urban travel demand and transportation infrastructure supply strategy are presented. The paper stresses that solving traffic congestion problem needs actions from both demand and supply side of the system. Travel demand management is not just a short-term solution; it is an indispensable way to balance the dynamic relationship between demand and supply.

Keywords：supply strategies; traffic demand management; five-dimensional analysis method; relationship of supply and demand; resource optimization