文章编号：1672-5328（2010）04-0041-06

张琦，韩宝明
（北京交通大学，北京100044）

摘要：为了研究城市轨道交通车站乘客群体行为的产生机理及其变化规律，提出乘客流稳静的概念，用以描述对乘客流状态突变倾向的缓解作用。结合车站设施属 性及乘客流时空分布特征，应用乘 客群体行为模型，采用仿真情景试 验方法，从乘客流流量、密度与速 度三个方面量化研究乘客流稳静的影响因素与作用方式，从而揭示乘客流状态突变的内在机理。试验数据显示：设施相对距离对乘客 流平均流率衰减具有直接作用；通道出入口设施的相对能力对通道 乘客流密度具有影响作用，这种作 用与乘客流规模存在内在关系；流 线交叉对乘客流速度突变具有较 为显著的作用，且同时伴随密度的 变化。以试验研究为基础，分别针 对流量、密度、速度三个方面提出合理引导、组织与控制乘客流的策略。

关键词：交通规划；轨道交通；车 站；乘客流；行人仿真；稳静特征

中图分类号：U491.2⁺6

文献标识码：A

A Study on Characteristics of Passenger Collective Behaviors on Urban Rail Transit Stations

ZHANG Qi, HAN Bao-ming
(Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract：To investigate the characteristics of passenger collective behaviors on urban rail transit stations, this paper introduces a concept called passenger-flow-calming to describe the relief of passenger flow instability. By analyzing the characteristics of facilities and space-time distribution of passenger flow, the study used the passenger collective behavior model and simulation experiment to identify the elements that affect passenger- flow-calming from three passenger traffic flow parameters: volume, density and speed, in order to reveal the internal mechanism of sudden change of the passenger flow. The experiment results show that the relative distance between the facilities has a direct effect on the decrease of average passenger flow rate and the relative capacity of corridor entrance/exit affects passenger density, which relate to the internal passenger volume. The study also show that interweaving passenger flow clearly impacts the speed of passenger flow and the passenger flow density. Based on the above results, the paper makes few suggestions on how to reasonably guide and control passenger flow in passenger volume, density and speed respectively.

Keywords：transportation planning; urban rail transit; stations; passenger flow; simulation; flow calming characteristics