文章编号：1672-5328（2006）01-0080-06

周江评
（南加州大学，美国加州洛杉矶，90089）

摘要：联邦交通立法的进步和完善促进了美国交通的稳步发展。介绍了美国交通立法的几个重要方面，包括政治架构如何影响交通立法，交通立法中的交通项目安排、资金供给和分配，影响交通立法的主要因素，以及交通立法中最重要和活跃的部分———交通授权法的主要内容和特点，并以最新的交通授权法SAFETEA-LU为例加以介绍。指出交通立法尽管严格区分了行政和立法职能，但仍然体现了一定的相互妥协。在受到多种因素的影响下，美国最新的交通立法仍然全面覆盖了众多的交通项目和相关事项，反映了重视生命、大力遏制交通的恶性外部影响等特点。

关键词：交通；立法；美国；交通授权法；SAFETEA-LU

The U.S. Transportation Legislation and Up-to-Date Transportation Authorization Act

Zhou Jiangping
（University of Southern California，Los Angeles, CA, 90089, U.S.A）

Abstract: Behind the steady transportation development in U.S. there are improvements and progresses in federal-level trans-portation legislation and regulations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce U.S. transportation legislation in several impor-tant aspects: one, how political system affects the legislation; two, the legislation and project arrangement, financing and funding allocation; three, factors influencing the legislation; and four, transportation authority legislation, as the most important and active component of the legislation, its main contents and characteristics, exemplified by the latest SAFETEA-LU. Under the U.S. Constitution, the legislation strictly separates adminis-trative and legislative functions; however, it still reflected cer-tain types of compromise. Simultaneously, though the latest leg-islation is affected by multiple factors as its predecessors, it is characterized by heavy emphasis on life and control over exter-nal negative impacts of transportation.

Keywords: transportation; legislation; U.S.; transportation au- thorization act; SAFETEA-LU