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《城市交通》杂志
2013年 第3期
轨道交通车站大客流事件的形成、传播及对策
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文章编号: 1672-5328(2013)03-0055-07

朱炜
(上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海200240)

摘要: 为定量分析轨道交通车站大客流事件形成及传播机理并提出应对 策略,从大客流事件界定入手,将其发生与否归结为车站容量、输送能力及 乘客到达流量之间的数量关系。区分大型活动大客流、事故/故障大客流、 高峰小时大客流3 类大客流事件,定量分析其形成原理,同时给出其影响的 传播机理,在此基础上有针对性地提出应对策略。研究结果表明,当车站乘 客到达流量与车站输送能力叠加后的流量超过车站容量并继续增加时,大 客流事件将发生,并通过“涟漪反应”将其影响在轨道交通网络中传播。为 此,可从事件预防、应急处置和事后评估三个层次,以及控制到达流量、提高 服务能力、加强客流组织和关注薄弱环节四个方面来制定大客流事件应对 策略。

关键词: 交通管理;轨道交通;大客流;形成原因;传播机理;应对策略

中图分类号:U491

文献标识码:A

Mass Passenger Flows at Rail Transit Stations: Formation, Impacts, and Countermeasures

ZhuWei
(School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract: In order to quantitatively analyze the formation and evolution mechanism of mass passenger flows at rail transit stations, this paper first defines the mass passenger flow event and correlates its occurrence with the station capacity, transmission capacity, and passenger arrival volumes. Through classifying mass passenger flow events into three categories: large-scale events induced, accidents induced, and peak hour induced, the paper discusses the formation mechanism, evolutional impacts and corresponding countermeasures. The results indicate that the mass passenger flow event will occur when the passenger arriving flow plus the transmission capacity exceed the station capacity, and its impact will spread over the rail transit network in a chain reaction manner. Finally, the paper points out that the efficient countermeasures can be established at three levels, including preparation, emergency response, and evaluation, and from four aspects consisting of metering arriving flows, building service capacity, strengthening passenger guidance, and emphasizing points of weakness.

Keywords: traffic management; rail transit; mass passenger flow; formation mechanism; spreading mechanism; countermeasures