文章编号： 1672-5328（2013）06-0080-15

Simon Blainey1, Adrian Hickford1, John Preston1 著，伍拾煤2，裴玉龙2 译
（1.南安普顿大学交通研究小组，南安普顿SO17 1BJ，英国；2.哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨150090）

摘要： 研究表明，即使铁路出行 是最具有成本效益的出行方式，许 多出行者仍然会选择其他出行方 式。这表明选择铁路出行方式存 在一些与费用无关的阻碍因素。 本文对有关这些阻碍因素重要性 的文献进行了综述，这些研究主要 来自英国，但也有一部分来自于其 他国家。共确认了37 种不同的阻 碍因素，它们可以被划分为“刚性 因素”、“柔性因素”与“互补性因 素”。出行者通常不会只考虑其中 的单一阻碍因素，而是将这些阻碍 因素看成一个整体，由此使得对最 重要阻碍因素的确认十分困难。 很多情况下，对于某一出行者来 说，所有存在的阻碍因素都需要在 出行方式转移之前解决。在思考 不同阻碍因素的相对重要性后，对 克服它们并实现其他出行方式向 铁路转移的最有效措施提出了建 议。这涉及主要的交通政策，因为 它能够为有限的可利用资金确定 目标市场，从而影响出行行为并提 高出行方式的可持续性

关键词： 铁路出行；方式转移；认 知；一揽子政策；小汽车依赖性

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Barriers to Passenger Rail Use: A Review of the Evidence

Written by Simon Blainey1, Adrian Hickford1, John Preston1, Translated byWu Shimei2, Pei Yulong2
(1.Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; 2. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin Heilongjiang 150090, China)

Abstract： Research has shown that even when rail travel is the most cost-effective mode of transport for a particular journey, many travellers will still choose other modes. This indicates the existence of non-financial barriers to rail use, and this paper reviews the evidence on the importance of such barriers, focusing particularly on the UK but also considering research from other countries. A total of 37 distinct barriers were identified, and these can be divided into“hard”,“soft” and“complementary”factors. Travellers are unlikely to consider these barriers individually, viewing them instead as a package, which can make it difficult to identify which barriers are most significant. In many cases, all barriers which exist for a particular traveller will need to be addressed before mode shift occurs. After considering the relative importance of the different barriers, the paper concludes by making some suggestions as to the most effective ways in which these barriers can be overcome and mode shift to rail achieved. This has key implications for transport policy, as it can inform the targeting of the limited funds available to influence travel behaviour and increase the sustainability of travel patterns.

Keywords： rail travel; mode shift; perceptions; policy packages; car dependence