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《城市交通》杂志
2014年 第5期
城市交通控制的演变——政策与技术变更
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文章编号: 1672-5328(2014)05-0082-13

Andrew Hamilton1, BenWaterson1, Tom Cherrett1, Andrew Robinson2, Ian Snell2 著,王金秋3
(1.南安普顿大学交通研究小组,英国南安普顿SO17 1BJ;2.西门子,英国普尔BH17 7ER;3.中国城市规划设 计研究院,北京100037)

摘要: 在过去的一个世纪里,城市交通控制始终在演变,以适应日益复杂的政策目标和不断增长的 交通需求。一个高效的交通控制系统可以带来很多收益,例如缓解拥堵、提高经济效益以及改善道 路安全和空气质量。车辆检测和通信技术方面取得的显著进步为交通控制系统的调控能力带来了一 系列阶段性变化:从早期(固定配时)信号控制发展到现代化的集成系统。多种类型的交通控制系统 在全球不同地区建设完成,每种系统都有各自的优势和不足。首先通过对比分析目前占据领先地位 的商用系统(以及一些较少为人所知的系统),凸显交通控制系统的关键特征和差异,然后评估目前 的交通控制系统是否能实现现代交通政策的职能和需求。最后,探讨了当前及未来的交通政策,以 及未来10 年交通控制发展的技术性蓝图,指出交通控制有望通过技术进步从有限数据时代迈入大 数据时代。

关键词: 城市交通控制;技术;政策;拥堵

中图分类号: :U491.5+4

文献标识码:A

The Evolution of Urban Traffic Control: Changing Policy and Technology

Written by Andrew Hamilton1, Ben Waterson1, Tom Cherrett1, Andrew Robinson2, Ian Snell2, Translated by Wang Jinqiu3
(1.Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; 2.Siemens, Poole BH17 7ER, UK; 3.China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract: The history of urban traffic control (UTC) throughout the past century has been a continued race to keep pace with ever more complex policy objectives and consistently increasing vehicle demand. Many benefits can be observed from an efficient UTC system, such as reduced congestion, increased economic efficiency and improved road safety and air quality. There have been significant advances in vehicle detection and communication technologies which have enabled a series of step changes in the capabilities of UTC systems, from early (fixed time) signal plans to modern integrated systems. A variety of UTC systems have been implemented throughout the world, each with individual strengths and weaknesses; this paper seeks to compare the leading commercial systems (and some less well known systems) to highlight the key characteristics and differences before assessing whether the current UTC systems are capable of meeting modern transport policy obligations and desires. This paper then moves on to consider current and future transport policy and the technological landscape in which UTC will need to operate over the coming decades, where technological advancements are expected to move UTC from an era of limited data availability to an era of data abundance.

Keywords: urban traffic control; technology; policy; congestion