文章编号： 1672-5328（2015）04-0025-05

杜彩军
(交通运输部科学研究院，北京100029)

摘要： 驾驶员与企业关系、运输服务质量是出租汽车行业两大核心问题。基于2013 年交通运输业 经济统计专项调查数据、城市客运统计年报数据以及出租汽车GPS监控信息统计等多源数据，分析 中国出租汽车客运系统运营特征。以中心城市、地级市和县级市划分出租汽车服务城市的规模，以 单班车、双班车和三班车划分出租汽车运营模式，总结出租汽车运力投放、日均行驶里程、空驶 率、日均载客次数、利润等运营规律。基于分析结果提出3 点启示：出租汽车行业改革宜根据城市 的不同规模、类型进行分类指导；统筹考虑需求与供给、新技术发展并统一服务标志；兼具公共交 通与私人交通双重属性，运营模式可多元化。

关键词： 出租汽车；运营特征；专项调查；运营效率；运营模式

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Taxi Operation in China

Du Caijun
(China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)

Abstract： Two essential issues facing taxi industry in China are the relationship between taxi drivers and their companies and the quality of service. Based on the specific survey on transportation industry in 2013, data from urban passenger transportation and taxi GPS data, this paper analyzes the operation characteristics of taxi operating system in China. This paper summarizes taxi operation characteristics of three operational types: single-, dual- and tripe-shifts in service capacity, average daily travel distance, unloaded ratio, average daily service frequencies, net profit and operating trends for regional city, intermediate city and county-level city. Based on the analysis results, the paper provides three recommendations: the taxi reform guidelines should be established for cities with different types and sizes; Balancing demand and supply, new technology and uniform service signs should be emphasized; taxi service should be diversified considering its dual roles in public transit and private car.

Keywords： taxi; operation characteristics; specific survey; operating efficiency; operational types