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《城市交通》杂志
2015年 第6期
公共自行车近期文献综述
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文章编号: 1672-5328(2015)06-0080-15

Elliot Fishman1 著,魏贺2 译
(1.乌得勒支大学地质学院人文地理与空间规划系,荷兰海德堡83584;2.北京市城市规划设计研究院,北京 100045)

摘要: 提供公共自行车服务的城市数量快速发展,从20 世纪90 年代末屈指可数发展到如今超过800 个。通过综述近期公共自行车文献,总结公共自行车研究领域的若干议题。便捷性是出行者使用公 共自行车的主要动机。省钱是促使低收入群体使用的原因,与停放站间距离是预测会员数量的重要 指标。在一些国家,只有不到半数会员每月使用率少于一次。男性使用率高于女性,但性别失衡情 况并未如私人自行车那样显著(至少在自行车使用率低的国家)。年会员最普遍的出行目的是通勤。 与私人自行车使用者相比,公共自行车使用者不常佩戴头盔,但在法律强制佩戴头盔的国家,其使 用水平则受到影响。公共自行车使用者相比私人自行车使用者不易受伤。未来发展方向包括电动自 行车集成、GPS全球定位系统、无停放站系统和改进的公共交通一体化。指出应开展更多研究量化 公共自行车在出行方式选择、尾气排放、拥堵和健康方面的影响。

关键词: 公共自行车;公共自行车政策;使用者特征;阻碍;自行车调度;未来方向

中图分类号: U491

文献标识码:A

Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature

Written by Elliot Fishman1, Translated byWei He2
(1.Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 83584, The Netherlands; 2. Beijing Institute of City Planning, Beijing 100045, China)

Abstract: The number of cities offering bikeshare has increased rapidly, from just a handful in the late 1990s to over 800 currently. This paper provides a review of recent bikeshare literature. Several themes have begun to emerge from studies examining bikeshare. Convenience is the major motivator for bikeshare use. Financial savings has been found to motivate those on a low income and the distance one lives from a docking station is an important predictor for bikeshare membership. In a range of countries, it has been found that just under 50% of bikeshare members use the system less than once a month. Men use bikeshare more than women, but the imbalance is not as dramatic as private bike riding (at least in low cycling countries). Commuting is the most common trip purpose for annual members. Users are less likely than private cyclists to wear helmets, but in countries with mandatory helmet legislation, usage levels have suffered. Bikeshare users appear less likely to be injured than private bike riders. Future directions include integration with ebikes, GPS (global positioning system), dockless systems and improved public transport integration. Greater research is required to quantify the impacts of bikeshare, in terms of mode choice, emissions, congestion and health.

Keywords: bikeshare; bikeshare policy; user charateristics; barriers; rebalancing; future direction