文章编号： 1672-5328（2016）06-0075-13

Donald Shoup1，袁泉2，姜昕3 著，袁泉2，姜昕3 译
(1.加州大学洛杉矶分校，美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶90095；2.南加州大学，美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶90089； 3.斯坦福大学，美国加利福尼亚州斯坦福94305)

摘要： 很多城市的低收入社区面临两大突出难题：超负荷的路内停车和低配置的公共服务。通过构 建一项政策可以同时解决这两个难题：基于市场价格征收路内停车费，并将其收入用于本地公共服 务运营。基于北京一处胡同改善项目发现，通过合理收取停车费，该社区用于卫生、治安、景观和 停车管理的投资能够在不到三年内回收。同时，该项目社区中只有35%的住户拥有私人小汽车，拥 车住户的家庭年收入是无车住户的近3倍。

关键词： 停车；公共财政；土地经济；社区；公平性

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Charging for Parking to Finance Public Services

Written by Donald Shoup1, Yuan Quan2, Jiang Xin3, Translated by Yuan Quan2, Jiang Xin3
(1.University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 2.University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; 3.Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA)

Abstract： Many cities have two serious problems: overcrowded on-street parking and undersupplied public services. This article examines a policy to address both problems: charge market prices to manage on-street parking and use the revenue to finance local public services. Our case study of a pilot program for alley improvements in Beijing finds that the estimated payback period for the investments in sanitation, security, landscaping, and parking is less than three years. Only 35 percent of households in the pilot program own a car and the average income of car-owning households is almost three times the income of carless households.

Keywords： parking; public finance; land economics; neighborhoods; equity