文章编号： 1672-5328（2017）03-0063-11

李家斌，王峰
(杭州市城市规划设计研究院，浙江杭州310012)

摘要： 中国各城市公共自行车规模快速扩张，开展其服务特征的分析和评估对优化系统有重要意 义。以杭州市为例，抓取公共自行车租赁点规模、分布与运行状态等开放数据，通过城市间以及城 市内部片区间的横向比较分析其服务特征。总体上杭州市公共自行车服务覆盖水平较高，各片区 (除部分外围组团外)均注重对于居住区的覆盖；相比其他城市，租赁点布局更密、覆盖更广、规模 更大。各片区系统所处的阶段性特征和各运营主体的布局策略差异明显。租赁点空间分布特征显 示：系统配车数量以及满载率总体合适；可借车辆数在空间上表现为“分散—聚集—分散”的时变 特征，聚集区呈现“一核多心”的等级化特征。租赁点分时状态特征显示：超过50%的租赁点接近 饱和或空缺状态，且在集聚区内小范围集中。

关键词： 公共自行车；服务特征；开放数据；租赁点；杭州市

中图分类号： U491.1+2

文献标识码：A

Characteristics of Bike Sharing Service in Hangzhou Based on Open Data

Li Jiabin,Wang Feng
(Hangzhou City Planning and Design Academy, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012, China)

Abstract： As bike sharing system rapidly developing in cities crossing China, it is important to study the service characteristics in order to optimize the system performance. Taking Hangzhou as an example, this paper analyzes the service characteristics through cross-sectional comparison among cities and among different areas within one city, based on the open data on bike sharing stations' size, distribution and operation. The results show that the bike sharing service in Hangzhou generally has decent spatial coverage and has adequate coverage of residential areas except several outside groups. Compared to other cities, the bike rental stations in Hangzhou are more densely distributed, providing wider coverage with larger stations. The characteristics of bike sharing system in different development stage and the main operation layout obviously differs in different locations. The spatial distribution of rental stations show that the number of bicycles and the occupation rate are suitable in general. The number of available bicycles changes by time at locations showing spatial pattern of decentralized-aggregated-decentralized. The time-varying characteristics of the rental stations show that more than 50% of the rental stations are either close to saturation or vacancy which are concentrated in small areas.

Keywords： bike sharing; service characteristics; open data; bike rental stations; Hangzhou