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《城市交通》杂志
2018年 第4期
公交优先发展评价刍议 ——打造非小汽车导向的城市出行环境
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文章编号: 1672-5328(2018)04-0001-08

安健1,郭继孚1,张栋2,董杨慧1,孙玲1
(1.北京交通发展研究院,城市交通运行仿真与决策支持北京市重点实验室,北京100073;2.大连理工大学交通 运输学院,辽宁大连116024)

摘要: 中国城市近十几年的发展实践表明,单纯依靠公共交通系统自身的持续优化和服务改善,难 以达到引导出行者优先选择绿色出行方式的效果。其根源之一在于大部分城市营造的出行环境具有 小汽车导向的特征,即相比公共交通出行而言,小汽车出行无论在效率还是性价比方面都具有极其 显著的优势。因此,由设施、政策与管理共同构成的城市出行生态是否过于“小汽车友好”,是判 断一座城市的发展模式是否符合公交优先理念的重要标准。结合国内外案例,剖析与小汽车出行相 关的设施布局、政策环境、标准规范、执法能力等对公交出行的影响,并就采用小汽车相关指标评 价城市的公交优先发展水平提出相关建议。

关键词: 城市交通;公共交通优先发展;非小汽车导向;评价指标

中图分类号: U491

文献标识码:A

Evaluation of Public Transportation Priority Development in China: Approaching a Non-Automobile- Oriented Urban Transportation Environment

An Jian1, Guo Jifu1, Zhang Dong2, Dong Yanghui1, Sun Ling1
(1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Transportation Operation Simulation and Decision Support, Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China; 2.School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning 116024, China)

Abstract: Practice in the past decades in China shows that it is difficult in shifting road users to public transit by implementing self-based optimization and service improvement on the public transportation system. One reason is that most cities are automobile-oriented, which means that driving easily enjoy an extremely significant advantage in terms of efficiency and cost- effectiveness over public transportation. Therefore, the degree of “car- friendly” in facilities, policies, and management can be used to evaluate whether a city follows the path of public transportation priority development. Based on a couple of case studies, this paper analyzes how infrastructure layout, policy environment, standards, and law enforcement of automobiles influence public transportation service. Finally, the paper provides several suggestions on how to use automobile related indicators to evaluate public transportation priority development.

Keywords: urban transportation; public transportation priority development; non- automobile- oriented; evaluation indicators