文章编号：1672-5328（2012）01-0084-05

Donald Shoup¹　著，耿　雪²，朱跃华³　译
（1.加州大学洛杉矶分校，洛杉矶 CA 90095-1656；2.中国城市规划设计研究院，北京 100037；3.北京市城市规划设计研究院，北京 100045）

摘要：为寻找路内停车泊位在道路上巡游的车辆是造成交通拥堵的原因之一。首先指出路内停车低价与路外停车高价共同刺激驾驶人选择巡游而非使用路外停车场(库)。其次针对洛杉矶的巡游开展调查，得到车辆平均巡游时耗和距离，并得出每年由此产生的车辆行驶里程、时间浪费、燃油消耗及CO2排放。然后通过分析路内停车价格与车辆巡游的关系，提出城市全日泊位使用率大约为85%时，停车泊位处于供需平衡状态，停车价格较合理。接着以加利福尼亚格雷伍德城停车价格制定及停车收益使用为例，给出停车增量融资的收益回馈方式。最后指出，为了减少拥堵、降低温室气体排放、改善街区环境等，城市应制定合理的路内停车价格并将产生的收益用于改善公共服务。

关键词：停车管理；路内停车；车辆巡游；停车价格；收益管理

中图分类号：U491.7

文献标识码：A

Cruising for Parking

Written by Donald Shoup¹, Translated by Geng Xue², Zhu Yuehua³
(1.University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1656, USA; 2.China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100037, China; 3.Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design, Beijing 100045, China)

Abstract：Cruising for on-street parking causes traffic congestion. This paper first points out that the combination of low prices for on-street parking and high prices for off-street parking  increases the incentive for drivers to search for on-street parking spaces. Through a survey of cruising for parking in Los Angeles, the author obtains average cruising time and distance, as well as corresponding vehicle-miles traveled, waste of time, extra fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. The author concludes that when the occupancy rate of on-street parking is about 85%, the demand and supply of parking are in balance and the price is just right. Taking the parking charges and revenue usage in Redwood City in California as an example, the paper discusses parking increment finance. Finally, the paper emphasizes that it is necessary to charge properly for on-street parking and spend the resulting revenue to improve local public services in order to reduce traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions, and improve neighborhoods.

Keywords：parking management; on-street parking; cruising for parking; parking price; revenue management