文章编号： 1672-5328（2020）01-0075-08

郭继孚1, 2, 3，刁晶晶1, 2, 3，王倩1, 2, 3，缐凯1, 2, 3，张磊4，周学松1, 2, 3, 5
(1. 北京交通发展研究院，北京100073；2. 城市交通北京市国际科技合作基地，北京100073；3. 城市交通运行仿 真与决策支持北京市重点实验室，北京100073；4. 马里兰大学城市与环境工程学院国际交通中心，美国马里兰 州大学公园20742；5.亚利桑那州立大学，美国亚利桑那州凤凰城36870)

摘要： 城市交通系统中居民出行需求时空分布高度不均衡，为合理调节交通供需带来巨大挑战。供 需不均衡是引发高峰时段交通拥堵的重要原因，造成大量的时间及资源损耗。预约出行的意义在于 提前掌握出行需求，调整供给策略，并在需求集中时段，对存在弹性空间的出行需求进行调节，促 进交通供需动态平衡，从而改善拥堵现象。北京市回龙观地区的预约实践验证了调节个体出发时刻 对缓解交通拥堵的效果。即使在参与用户比例不高的情况下，高峰时段的出行者调整出发时刻也会 对缓解拥堵产生一定正向效应。预约出行为城市交通治理提供了新思路，将成为未来城市交通发展 的新模式。

关键词： 供需平衡；预约出行；时刻表；拥堵时长；北京市

中图分类号： U491.1+2

文献标识码：A

Reservation in Urban Transportation System: Travel Reservation Practice in Huilongguan Area, Beijing

Guo Jifu1, 2, 3, Diao Jingjing1, 2, 3,Wang Qian1, 2, 3, Xian Kai1, 2, 3, Zhang Lei4, Zhou Xuesong1, 2, 3, 5
(1.Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China; 2.Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Urban Transport, Beijing 100073, China; 3.Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Operation Simulation and Decision Support, Beijing 100073, China; 4.National Transportation Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742, USA; 5.Arizona State University, Phenix City AZ 36870, USA)

Abstract： The spatial and temporal distribution of residents' travel demand in urban transportation system is highly imbalanced, which imposes huge challenges to the reasonable adjustment of transportation supply and demand. The imbalance between supply and demand is the key reason that triggers traffic congestion during peak hours, and leads to large number of time and resource losses. The significance of travel reservation is to master travel demands early, adjust the supply strategies, and regulate travel demands with elastic space during the demand concentrated period, so as to promote the dynamic balance of traffic supply and demand, thus alleviate traffic congestion. The travel reservation practice of Huilongguan Sub-district of Beijing has verified the effect of adjusting the individual travel time on relieving traffic congestion. Even when the proportion of participating users is not high, the adjustment of travel time by travelers during peak hours will also generate certain positive effect on the alleviation of peak congestion. Travel reservation provides a new idea for urban transportation management and will become a new model for urban transportation development in the future.

Keywords： supply-demand balance; travel reservation; time table; time stuck in traffic; Beijing