文章编号： 1672-5328（2021）05-0073-09

宋晓栋，张中秀，郑桥，于洋
(中规院(北京)规划设计有限公司，北京100044)

摘要： 机动车电动化换电模式的普及是北京市实现碳中和国家战略的一种发展方向。通过分析北京 市现有道路交通车辆使用特征，预测得出普及换电模式下全市平均每小时电动汽车换电需求量。基 于现有换电站技术，提出一种面向大规模换电服务的集中换电站基础设施，并计算得出全市集中换 电站新增用电量和用电负荷。碳中和目标下，北京市新增用电量应来自零碳排放的风力和光伏新能 源电力。根据华北地区风电和光电波动性和随机性特征，提出500 kV两端柔性直流输电系统搭配换 电站电池储能的荷随源动电力供应解决方案，计算得到风电和光电装机最小规模和全市每天应储备 的电动汽车动力电池数量。

关键词： 碳中和；机动车电动化；换电模式；零碳电力供应；电池储量；北京市

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Battery Swap Mode Popularization Path of the Electrification of Motor Vehicles in Beijing

Song Xiaodong, Zhang Zhongxiu, Zheng Qiao, Yu Yang
(CAUPD Beijing Planning & Design Consultants Ltd., Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract： The popularization of battery swapping technology of the electrification of motor vehicles is an orientation for Beijing to achieve the China's strategy of carbon neutrality. By analyzing the operational characteristics of road traffic in Beijing, the average hourly electric vehicle replacement demand in the city with battery swapping strategy is predicted. Based on the existing battery swap station technology, this paper proposes a centralized battery swap station infrastructure for large- scale battery swap service, and calculates the new power consumption and power load of the battery swap station in the city. Under the carbon neutralization goal, the new power consumption in Beijing should come from wind power and photovoltaic new energy power with zero carbon emissions. According to the fluctuation and randomness characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in North China, the paper presents a load-following power supply solution for 500 kV flexible DC transmission system at both ends with battery energy storage of battery swap station. With that the minimum installed scale of wind power and photovoltaic and the number of electric vehicle power cells that should be reserved every day in the city are calculated.

Keywords： carbon neutrality; electrification of motor vehicles; battery swapping; zero carbon power supply; battery storage; Beijing