城市中心体系与公共交通模式耦合发展 ——《大伦敦规划》的经验与启示
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文章编号: 1672-5328(2021)05-0082-09
戴冀峰1,樊明浩1,魏贺2,张晓东2,许丹丹2
(1. 北京建筑大学,北京100044;2.北京市城市规划设计研究院,北京100045)
摘要: 城市中心体系是制定并落实空间发展战略的核心内容,是优化空间结构的关键策略。城市中 心体系与公共交通模式紧密耦合,是大伦敦空间发展战略的核心和标志性理念。首先,梳理大伦敦 城镇中心网络的政策发展过程,明确特点与分级方法。其次,围绕城市空间、交通空间、要素空 间,从宏中微观视角分析政策传递的耦合、叠合、联合特征。再次,针对国家指引优化、地方指南 引导、体检指标传递,从国家-市区层面解读政策实施评估。最后,指出亟须建立健全城市中心规 划评估体系,明确识别评估方法,完善监测体检机制;认为指引指南、创新机制、体检评估有助于 传递深化战略政策要求;强调亟须提升政策移植适应能力,有必要在城市发展战略层面将城市中心 体系与公共交通模式紧密耦合。
关键词: 大伦敦规划;城市中心体系;城镇中心网络;公共交通;耦合
中图分类号: U491
文献标识码:A
Coupling Development of Urban Center System and Public Transport: Experience and Enlightenment of The London Plan
Dai Jifeng1, Fan Minghao1,Wei He2, Zhang Xiaodong2, Xu Dandan2
(1. Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design, Beijing 100045, China)
Abstract: Urban center system is the core of formulating and delivering of the spatial development strategy. It is also the key strategy on spatial structure optimization. The tight integration of the urban center system and public transport is the iconic concept of The London Plan 2021. This paper summarizes the policy development process of urban center network, and defines the characteristics and classification methods. Focusing on urban space, transportation space and the space of elements, the paper discusses the characteristics of coupling, overlapping and uniting concerning policy delivery from macro, meso, micro perspectives. Thirdly, the evaluation of policy implementation is interpreted at the nation- region- borough level with regard to the optimization of national guidelines, the guidance of local guides, and the delivery of health check's indicators. Finally, the paper points out that it is urgent to establish and improve the planning and evaluation process for urban center system, develop an evaluation method, improve the mechanism of monitoring and health check. Guidelines and guidance, innovative mechanisms and assessment of health check are conducive to delivering and deepening the requirements of strategies and policies. It is necessary to enhance the adaptability of policy transfer so as to effectively integrate urban center system and public transportation from the strategic level of urban development.
Keywords: The London Plan; urban center system; urban center network; public transport; integration