文章编号：1672-5328（2009）02-0001-06

刘　志
（世界银行，美国华盛顿特区 20433）

摘要：面对中国城市轨道交通快速发展的现状，指出有必要重视城市轨道交通经济的实证研究，探索轨道交通市场的特征以及经济规律。简要回顾了发达国家尤其是美国城市轨道交通的兴衰，探讨了交通经济经典著作《城市交通问题》的主要观点、离散选择模型在城市轨道交通规划中的应用及其重要参数的经济含义。最后，追溯了发展中国家城市轨道交通发展中面临的财务问题以及私营部门参与的经验。

关键词：交通经济；城市轨道交通；离散选择模型；价格弹性系数；出行时间价值

中图分类号：F57

文献标识码：A

A Brief Review of Overseas Economic Researches on Urban Rail Transit

LIU Zhi
(The World Bank, Washington DC 20433, USA)

Abstract：In the context of rapid urban rail development in China, this paper emphasizes the importance of empirical research on the market characteristics and economics of urban rail transport. The paper starts with a brief overview of the rise and fall of urban rail transport in developed countries, especially in the U.S. This is followed by a discussion of the key findings of “Urban Transportation Problem”―a classic study in transport economics, the application of discrete choice models in urban rail planning, and the economic implications of key model parameters. The paper also reviews the financial problems of urban rail development in developing cities and their experiences in private sector participation.

Keywords：transportation economics; urban rail transit; discrete choice model; price elasticities; value of travel time