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《城市交通》杂志
2007年 第1期
推动城市公共交通跨越式发展
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文章编号:1672-5328(2007)01-0011-06

Promoting Developments in Urban Public Transportation by Leaps and Bounds

仇保兴
(中华人民共和国建设部,北京 100835)
QIU Baoxing
(Ministry of Construction P.R.China, Beijing 100835, China)

摘要:为了促进“公交优先”战略的有效落实,尽快扭转“公交优先”战略“口号化”和“宣言化”的状况,提出观念转变是实现公共交通优先发展的核心问题,要认识到公交优先是普通百姓优先,是绿色交通优先,体现了社会公平的优先。“公交优先”的关键是领导转变观念优先。优先发展公共交通要做好城市内部各种不同交通方式以及内部交通与外部交通的协同,力争体制创新、科技创新和管理模式创新,并保证公共交通设施用地安排优先、道路使用权优先、交通管制措施优先和公共财政转移优先。最后,提出落实公交优先战略的五项措施:推进大容量公交方式和公交枢纽建设;实行城市公共交通的经济补贴政策;落实“公共交通周”和“无车日”活动;继续实施和完善通过编制和实施综合交通体系规划来确保公交优先的检查、评估机制。

Abstract: In order to achieve an effective implementation of, rather than only pay lip services to, strategies for the transit priority, this paper points out that changing-concepts is one of the core issues of implementing strategies of developing the transit priority, in recognition that to take preference of public transportation is to give priority to the general public, to "green-transportation", to changes of leaders' concepts, and to social equality. The hierarchy of putting public transportation first demands a better coordination between the internal and external transportation and their modes, an emphasis on innovations in management systems and patterns as well as technology, and a guarantee of giving priority to public transportation in terms of land-resources, right-of-way, traffic control and management, and financial funding. Finally, the paper recommends 5 key measures to implement strategies for the development of the transit priority, namely, encouraging transit modes and facilities with high capacity, providing subsidies to urban public transportation, promoting activities of "transit-week" and "no-private-car-day", enhancing the inspection and evaluation mechanisms, and stressing the preparation and review of comprehensive transportation planning.

关键词:公共交通;公交优先;战略;措施

Keywords: public transportation; transit preference; strategy; measures

中图分类号:U491.1+7

文献标识码:A

  自从中央提出“公交优先”发展战略以来,尽管各个城市在公交优先方面都取得了一些显著的成绩,但从总体上来看,城市交通拥堵的现状仍在继续恶化。其根本原因就在于各地尚没有将“公交优先”战略细分成可操作的战略措施,在一些城市和地区,这一战略还停留在口号宣言的阶段。本文总结了各地的经验教训,提出了贯彻落实此项战略的五项具体措施,并分析了落实这些措施的难点和对策。

  1 实现“一个转变”

  《国务院办公厅转发建设部等部门关于优先发展城市公共交通意见的通知》(国办发[2005]46号,以下简称《通知》)要求各地进一步提高认识,要确立公共交通在城市交通中的优先地位。国务院领导的批示也反复强调优先发展公共交通是必然的战略选择,是构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重要而且不可缺少的组成部分。观念僵化会导致行动迟缓,工作落后。没有科学、正确的公交优先的观念,就不可能主动地做好公交优先发展的各项工作,就不可能有推动公交发展的工作热情和实际步骤。所以,抓好观念转变是实现公共交通优先发展的核心问题。

  1) 公交优先是普通百姓优先,这体现了“执政为民”理念在城市公交领域落实的优先。现在南方有些城市动辄就借道路拓宽改造之机,把自行车道改为机动车道,方便的是小汽车交通,限制的是自行车和行人,这不是从普通百姓利益角度来考虑优先。

  2) 公交优先是绿色交通优先,是构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会优先。各地不约而同开展“无车日”和“公交活动周”活动,体现了落实中央科学发展观和构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会的要求,离开了这个主题,公交是不可能优先的。公交优先的生态文明意义、社会环境保护意义和对可持