文章编号：1672-5328（2011）04-0001-10

Felix Creutzig¹，Maximilian Thess¹，周江评²，Michael Replogle³　著，韩慧敏⁴，耿　雪⁴，张绍滨⁵　译
（1.柏林工业大学气候变化经济学系，德国 柏林 10623；2. 宇恒可持续交通研究中心，北京 100004；3. 交通与发展政策研究所，美国 华盛顿 20036；4. 中国城市规划设计研究院，北京 100037；5. 双鸭山市城市建设档案馆，黑龙江 双鸭山 155100）

摘要：中国城市交通发展政策承载了很多共同利益，包括减少空气污染与交通拥堵、提高骑车者与行人的交通安全以及改善公共汽车服务的可靠性。逐一评述北京市为达成上述事项而实施的包括公共交通、限行措施、小汽车数量调控和停车管理在内的一系列城市交通发展政策。指出北京市已实施的一系列政策还无法实现缓解交通拥堵的目标，未来可以考虑采取更加行之有效的措施，如交通拥挤收费。由此定量论证了北京市实施拥挤收费的前景及其综合效益，并探讨了实施拥挤收费的重要保障因素：决策与公平、综合配套措施、政府支持、国际经验。

关键词：城市交通；交通发展政策；拥挤收费

中图分类号：TU984.191

文献标识码：A

Review of Urban Transportation Policies in Beijing and Discussion of Congestion Pricing

Written by Felix Creutzig¹, Maximilian Thess¹, ZHOU Jiang-ping², Michael Replogle³, Translated by HAN Hui-min⁴, GENG Xue⁴, ZHANG Shao-bin⁵
(1. Department Economics of Climate Change, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany; 2. China Sustainable Transportation Center, Beijing 100004, China; 3. Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), Washington DC 20036, USA; 4. China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100037, China; 5. Shuangyashan Urban Construction Archives, Shuangyashan Heilongjiang 155100, China)

Abstract：Embedded in urban transportation policies of China, there are many public interests: reducing traffic congestion and associated air pollution, increasing pedestrians and cyclists’ safety and improving reliability of public transit services. This paper reviews Beijing’s transportation policies regarding pursuing the above interests, which include: prioritizing public transit development, car use restriction, cap for overall number of registered cars, and parking management. The paper points out that the implemented policies in Beijing can not realize the goal of reducing congestion and Beijing should consider adopting more effective countermeasure such as congestion pricing. In light of this, the paper discusses the prospect of congestion pricing in Beijing and its comprehensive benefits. The paper also explores the factors ensuring smooth congestion pricing: decision-making and equity, comprehensive coordination, governments’ support and international experience.

Keywords：urban transportation; transportation policy; congestion pricing