文章编号：1672-5328（2010）05-0022-03

Samuel Zimmerman
（世界银行，美国华盛顿特区20433）

摘要：简要回顾了美国联邦政府支持联邦公路项目、公 共交通项目及都市交通计划的历史，并介绍了能力建设 和机构建设等内容。1964 年之前，美国一直认为城市公 共交通是私有部门盈利行业，属于地方责任，联邦政府没 有对公共交通投入资金。直到1964 年《城市公共交通 法》的出台，联邦政府开始认识到国家经济社会和环境的 健康发展离不开城市公共交通的高效运行。2010 年美 国联邦陆路交通项目资金共约500 亿美元，其中105 亿 美元用于公共交通。

关键词：交通规划；美国联邦政府；公路；公共交通

中图分类号：F57

文献标识码：A

The US Federal Government and Urban Transport

Samuel Zimmerman
(The World Bank, Washington DC 20433, USA)

Abstract：This short paper briefly describes the history of US Federal Government support to land transportation, including inter-state highways, local public transit, urban transport planning and prioritization, and institutional capacity development. For a long period of time before the 1960s, urban public transit had been considered a local affair and a profit-making business, and the Federal Government had not funded local public transport development. With the Urban Mass Transit Act of 1964, the Federal Government started to recognize the role of urban public transport in the healthy development of the national economy and society. In 2010, the Federal land transportation program amounts to $50 billion, of which $10.5 billion is devoted to public transport.

Keywords：transport planning; The US Federal Government; highway; public transit