文章编号：1672-5328（2013）01-0082-10

Tor-Olav Nævestad¹, Torkel Bjørnskau¹　著，李　鑫²　译
（1. 运输经济研究所，挪威 奥斯陆0349；2. 中国城市规划设计研究院，北京 100037）

摘要：近期研究表明，安全文化(特指交通安全文化)概念在改善交通安全方面极具潜力。然而，安全文化传统上适用于组织及其成员。探索安全文化在道路交通方面的应用，其核心问题是这一概念能够用于何种分析单元。重点探讨了三种选择：当地社区、国家和同类群体，并根据四个标准对其进行评估：1)如何定义；2)能否用于解释交通安全行为；3)是否具有影响交通安全行为的可能性；4)能否为交通安全问题提供新见解。得到的结论是：交通安全文化应用于当地社区和国家层面过于错综复杂，而应用于同类群体层面为进一步实施有针对性的交通安全改善措施提供了新的可行依据。最后指出需进一步研究的问题。

关键词：道路交通；交通安全；安全文化；交通安全文化；分析单元；同类群体

中图分类号：U491.3

文献标识码：A

How Can the Safety Culture Perspective be Applied to Road Traffic?

Written by Tor-Olav Nævestad¹, Torkel Bjørnskau¹, Translated by Li Xin²
(1. Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo 0349, Norway; 2. China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract：Recent research suggests that the concept of safety culture, specified as traffic safety culture, may have great potential for improving traffic safety. However, as the safety culture concept has been traditionally applied to an organization and its members, the main aim of this paper is to examine how the concept can be applied to road traffic. This is largely a question of which analytical unit the traffic safety culture concept could be applied to. This paper examines three alternatives: (1) local communities, (2) nations, and (3) peer groups. These alternatives are evaluated against four criteria: (A) Is it well defined? (B) Can it be used to explain traffic safety behaviour? (C) Is it possible to influence? (D) Does it provide new insights into traffic safety problems? This paper concludes that while the local community alternative and national alternative appear too heterogeneous, the peer group alternative provides what seems to be a new and promising basis for targeted traffic safety interventions. The discussion indicates, however, issues that need to be examined in further research.

Keywords：road transport; traffic safety; safety culture; traffic safety culture; analytical unit; peer groups