文章编号：1672-5328（2013）02-0066-07

李　晔，邓皓鹏，卢丹妮
（同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室，上海 201804）

摘要：城市公共交通优先发展必须从过度关注成本规制走向以服务质量考核为导向的运营监管模式。首先对上海市浦东新区和立陶宛考纳斯市两个典型案例所代表的两种公共交通运营监管模式进行比较，探讨成本规制导向、服务质量考核导向两种模式的主要区别。然后分析了从完全自由市场转向政府干预的不同运营监管模式的实现路径，指出运营监管模式转变的关键是通过制度设计使服务改善转变为企业利益动力。最后，提出公共交通优先的监管制度建设建议：完善服务合约机制、建立微利票价和乘客补贴机制以及建立监管平台并与奖惩机制挂钩。

关键词：城市交通政策；公共交通；运营监管模式；服务质量考核；成本规制

中图分类号：U491.1⁺7

文献标识码：A

From Cost Control to Performance Assessment: Transforming the Urban Public Transportation Management System

Li Ye, Deng Haopeng, Lu Danni
(The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

Abstract：To prioritizing public transportation development, it is necessary to transform the managing practice of urban public transit operation in China from emphasizing cost control to performance assessment. Through comparing the urban public transportation practices in Pudong, Shanghai and Kaunas, Lithuania, this paper first discusses the main difference between the cost control oriented and the performance oriented operations. Then the paper analyzes the different development paths from the free market to the government intervention under the two managing practices, and points out that the key issue in the transformation is to provide the incentives to the public transit operators to improve the service through institutional reform. Finally, the paper suggests on how to develop the performance monitoring system for the prioritized public transit in three aspects: improving service contracting process, providing the discount service charge and passenger subsidy system, and having performance based rewarding/reprimanding system.

Keywords：urban transportation policy; public transportation; operation system; performance assessment; cost control