文章编号：1672-5328（2013）02-0017-09

陈小鸿¹，叶建红¹，杨　涛²
（1. 同济大学交通运输工程学院，上海 201804；2. 南京市城市与交通规划设计研究院有限责任公司，南京 210008）

摘要：城市公共交通优先(以下简称“公交优先”)发展战略的实施已有近10年，但迄今对什么是公共交通以及公交优先发展的对象、目标、内涵和路径等本源问题仍存在诸多争议和误区。对中国城市大样本数据进行收集和统计分析，建立了公共交通方式的“公共性测度”指标与计算方法，分析了出租汽车交通的定位，并首次给出公交优先的定义。引入“年人均公交乘次”和“单车每日载客人次”分析公共交通系统发展的宏观政策，比传统“公共交通分担率”指标更直观、客观和可比。最后，提出差异化公交优先发展战略的三大要素，并基于不同城市规模给出了公交优先发展路径选择的分类指导建议，还重点对其中两类城市提出了针对性措施。

关键词：公共交通；公共性测度；年人均公交乘次；单车日载客人次；差异化优先战略

中图分类号：U491.1⁺7

文献标识码：A

The Plight of Urban Public Transportation Priority and Potential Solutions

Chen Xiaohong¹, Ye Jianhong¹, Yang Tao2
(1.School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; 2.Nanjing Institute of City & Transport Planning Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210008, China)

Abstract：After 10 years of prioritizing urban public transportation development, there still are many misunderstanding and controversies on the basic issues such as the definition of public transportation priority, concept and development procedure of prioritizing public transportation development. Through the analysis with the massive data from Chinese cities, this paper presents how to evaluate public travel modes with an index named “public measure”. Based on the results, the paper discusses the functionalities of taxi services and proposes the definition of public transportation priority. By introducing the annual average public transit riders per person and daily passengers ridership per transit vehicle, the paper points out that utilizing these two variables in the macro-policy analysis for public transit system development is more objective and comparable than using the index of transit travel mode share. Finally, based on the three elements considered in differentiating strategy of prioritizing public transportation, this paper provides suggestions on the prioritizing public transportation development for cities of different scales, and detailed action plans for two types of cities.

Keywords：public transportation; public measure; annual average public transit riders per person; daily passenger rideship per transit vehicle; differentiating strategy for priority development