文章编号： 1672-5328（2016）06-0023-07

王颖1，鹿璐2，邱诗永1，宋苏1
(1.世界资源研究所，北京100027；2.北京交通发展研究院，北京100073)

摘要： 伴随中国快速城镇化与机动化进程，严重的空气污染和交通拥堵造成巨大的社会经济损失， 缓堵减排需求迫在眉睫。低排放区和拥堵收费政策在许多发达国家和地区被验证能有效缓堵。首先 探讨伦敦、新加坡和斯德哥尔摩3 个城市成功实施低排放区和拥堵收费政策的特点和经验。总结成 功实施缓堵减排政策的关键要素，包括立法保障与领导意志、公众宣传与信息公开、综合性配套政 策、精细化管理以及拥堵收费与低排放区有效结合等。基于此，探索缓堵减排政策在中国的应用实 践，总结中国低排放区和拥堵收费的方案设计流程。最后，从法律法规、体制机制、效果评估和公 众宣传等方面提出相应的政策建议，以应对缓堵减排政策实施过程中可能遇到的问题与挑战。

关键词： 交通政策；低排放区；拥堵收费；国际经验；伦敦；新加坡；斯德哥尔摩

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

International Experience of Low Emission Zones and Congestion Pricing Policies

WangYing1, Lu Lu2, Qiu Shiyong1, Song Su1
(1.World Resources Institute, Beijing 100027, China; 2. Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China)

Abstract： With the rapid urbanization and motorization in China, the severe air pollution and traffic congestion have brought a huge social economic loss. Congestion mitigation and emissions reduction are thus becoming a challenge. The existing lessons of low emission zone and congestion pricing policies have already well proved to be effective in fighting with congestion and reducing emission in several countries. This paper first discusses the characteristics and experience of the low emission zones and congestion pricing policies in London, Singapore, and Stockholm. Essential factors leading to the successful implementation are also analyzed, including legislation safeguard, political willingness, pubic communication and information openness, comprehensive complementary policies, detailed management, and the integration of low emission zones and congestion pricing policies. Based on the implementation of congestion alleviation and emissions reduction policies in China, the paper summarizes the design process of low emission zones and congestion pricing plan. Aiming at the problems and challenges in the implementation of congestion alleviation and emissions reduction policies, the paper provides suggestions on legislation, institutional mechanisms, performance evaluation, and public communication.

Keywords： transportation policies; low emission zones; congestion pricing; international experience; London; Singapore; Stockholm