文章编号：1672-5328（2012）02-0040-06

丘银英，唐立波
（天津市城市规划设计研究院，天津 300201）

摘要：交通拥堵已日渐成为中国各大城市的普遍问题，正确认识其发生和发展规律有利于提高治堵政策绩效。首先阐述了交通拥堵的定义、分类和发展特性。然后，将常用治堵政策分为减少交通生成总量、改变出行时空分布、影响出行方式选择、实施交通设施科学扩容四大类、26小类，针对治堵政策制定过程中的关键问题展开分析研究。最后，提出采用政策分析方法对各项治堵政策的正、负效应进行预判，从社会、环境、经济影响和交通改善效果角度剖析治堵政策绩效，从而避免决策武断，实现整体交通改善和效益最大化。

关键词：交通政策；交通拥堵；治堵政策；绩效评价

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Discussion on Urban Traffic Congestion and Countermeasures

Qiu Yinying, Tang Libo
(Tianjin Urban Planning and Design Institute, Tianjin 300201, China)

Abstract：Traffic congestion has become one of the common headaches in large cities in China. To develop the effective congestion relief strategies, it is necessary to study the occurrence and scope of traffic congestion. This paper first illustrates the definition, classification, and characteristics of traffic congestion. By categorizing commonly used traffic congestion countermeasures into four major groups (and 26 sub-types) in reducing trip generation, changing travel distribution in space and time, guiding travel mode choice and improving capacity of transportation facilities, the paper discusses the critical problems in developing traffic congestion relieving action plans. Finally, the paper proposes to evaluate the performance of traffic congestion countermeasures such as social, environmental, and economic impacts using policy analysis method before implementation in order to avoid making ineffective decisions and to maximize benefits in improving overall traffic flow.

Keywords：transportation policy; traffic congestion; traffic congestion countermeasures; performance evaluation