| 斯德哥尔摩的拥挤收费政策——政策实施5年后的效果、接受度及经验启示
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文章编号：1672-5328（2012）02-0075-17
Maria Börjesson1，Jonas Eliasson1，Muriel B. Hugsson1，Karin Brundell-Freij2 著
刘 莹3，蔡 静3 译
（1.瑞典皇家理工学院交通研究中心，斯德哥尔摩 SE-10044；2.WSP集团分析和策略部交通研究中心，斯德哥尔摩 12188；3.北京市交通发展研究中心，北京100073）
摘要：根据2006年拥挤收费政策试运行结束后的公民投票结果，2007年，斯德哥尔摩正式实施了该政策。讨论了其至2011年6月首个5年内的政策实施效果。结果表明，受到外部因素影响，由收费引起的交通减少量随时间推移稍有增加。2008年的清洁汽车免税措施可显著提高销售量。结合最新研究成果和瑞典的经验，讨论了公众接受度和政治接受度。得到的结论是：拥挤收费对交通系统的主客观影响，以及环境和政治态度，是公众支持拥挤收费的基础；同时，为了获得政治支持，必须要进行体制改革、解决权力问题。最后，简要讨论了拥挤收费的实施对瑞典交通规划进程的可能影响。
关键词：拥挤收费；公众接受度；政治接受度；价格弹性；长期效应
中图分类号：U491
文献标识码：A
The Stockholm Congestion Charges—5 Years on Effects, Acceptability and Lessons Learnt
Written by Maria Börjesson1, Jonas Eliasson1, Muriel B. Hugsson1, Karin Brundell-Freij2
Translated by Liu Ying3, Cai Jing3
(1.Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden; 2.Centre for Transport Studies, WSP Analysis & Strategy, Stockholm 12188, Sweden; 3.Beijing Transportation Research Center, Beijing 100073, China)
Abstract：Congestion charges were introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referendum, then permanently from 2007. This paper discusses what conclusions can be drawn from the first five years of operation, until mid-2011. We show that the traffic reduction caused by the charges has increased slightly over time, once external factors are controlled for. Alternative fuel vehicles were exempt from the charges through 2008, and we show that this substantially increased the sales of such vehicles. We discuss public and political acceptability, synthesizing recent research and Swedish experience. We conclude that objective and subjective effects on the traffic system, as well as general environmental and political attitudes, formed the basis of the strong public support, while institutional reforms and resolution of power issues were necessary to gain political support. Finally, we briefly discuss implications for the transport planning process in general.
Keywords：congestion charging; public acceptability; political acceptability; elasticity; long-term effects
