文章编号：1672-5328（2012）01-0089-06

Matthew Barth¹, Kanok Boriboonsomsin¹　著，邵　玲²　译
（1.加州大学河滨分校环境研究与技术中心，里弗赛德 CA 92521；2.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，上海200092）

摘要：缓解拥堵项目可减少温室气体排放，但基于单个变量(如仅基于出行距离)的CO2排放预测并不精确。为了准确预测缓堵项目减少的CO₂排放量，利用车辆运行检测技术、车辆活动数据库及根据车辆类型设计的排放模型，通过分析速度与排放的关系绘制速度–排放曲线，并结合交通运行检测数据，评价缓堵策略、速度管理策略、交通平滑策略等交通运行管理技术在CO₂减排方面的作用。以南加州某高速公路为例进行的研究显示，上述三项交通管理策略中任何一项都可减少7%~12%的CO₂排放量；三条策略同时使用可减少大约30%的CO₂排放量。

关键词：交通拥堵；温室气体；车辆活动数据库；排放模型；速度–排放曲线；交通运行管理技术

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Traffic Congestion and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Written by Matthew Barth¹, Kanok Boriboonsomsin1, Translated by Shao Ling²
(1.The Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside CA 92521, USA; 2.College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract：Congestion mitigation programs can reduce CO₂ emissions, but the prediction of CO₂ emissions based on a single variables (such as only based on travel distance) is not accurate. In order to measure the CO₂ emissions reduced by congestion mitigation programs, this paper uses vehicle activity measurements, vehicle activity database, and emission models designed for different vehicle types. By analyzing the relationship between speed and CO₂ emissions, the paper develops emissions-speed curves, and evaluates the effect of traffic operational management techniques, which are congestion mitigation, speed management, traffic smoothing, on CO₂ emission reduction combining with Traffic operation test data. The study on a freeway in Southern California shows that the three improvements in managing traffic operations can reduce CO2 emissions: Each of them can reduce CO₂ emissions by 7 to 12 percent. All three in combination can reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 30 percent.

Keywords：traffic congestion; greenhouse gas; vehicle activity database; emission models; emissions-speed curves; traffic operational management techniques