文章编号：1672-5328（2011）06-0091-04

Daniel Sperling¹，Eileen Claussen²　著，陈长祺³　译
（1.美国加州大学戴维斯分校环境科学与政策和土木与环境工程系，戴维斯 95616；2.美国皮尤全球气候变化中心，阿灵顿县 22201；3.中国城市规划设计研究院，北京100037）

摘要：以中国、印度等为代表的广大发展中国家已进入快速机动化阶段。以此为背景，首先分析了发展中国家机动化发展的新现实，包括：提高了出行机动性，带来了大量的社会经济成本，增加了能源消耗，加剧了环境污染，同时面临发展资金不足、管理经验缺乏及资源分配不公等带来的社会问题。然后指出依靠交通运输技术的跨越式发展，未必能解决上述一系列问题。最后提出各国应通力合作，以发展公共交通为主要手段，协调交通与土地利用，并辅以限制小汽车使用的相关措施，应对发展中国家乃至全球快速机动化带来的负面影响。

关键词：机动化；发展中国家；摩托车；农用车；能耗；污染；投融资；公共交通

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Motorizing the Developing World

Written by Daniel Sperling¹, Eileen Claussen², Translated by CHEN Chang-qi³
(1. Environmental Science and Policy and Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of California, Davis CA 95616; 2. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington VA 22201，USA; 3. China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract：Many developing countries led by China and India have entered a rapid motorization stage. By analyzing these new phenomena, this paper first outlines the problems caused by the rapid motorization development including high social economic cost, huge energy consumption, worsening environmental pollutions. The social problems brought by lack of development fund and management experience as well as unfair resource allocation are also discussed. The paper warns that the “leap” development pattern would not solve all problems. Finally, the paper emphasizes that to minimize negative effect brought by rapid motorization, all developed and developing countries should cooperate with each other to promote public transit and smart land use development, and establish policies discouraging car use.

Keywords：motorization; developing world; motorcycle; rural vehicle; energy use; pollution; financing; public transit