文章编号：1672-5328（2011）06-0086-05

Brian D. Taylor¹　著，邵　玲²　译
（1.加州大学洛杉矶分校城市规划系，洛杉矶90095，美国；2.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，上海 200092）

摘要：通过对交通拥堵进行反思，认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品，应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题。提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议，主要包括：机动性至关重要，交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征；道路扩容效果短暂，并会诱发潜在需求，但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益；土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力；紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵；降低小汽车的速度、稳定性并提高其使用成本，是促进步行和公交出行的最好方式；在不采取相关收费措施的前提下，适合小汽车出行的发展模式或许是缓堵的最佳手段。最后指出，采用道路和停车收费措施可能是缓解拥堵的最佳方式；不管是哪种发展策略，缓堵只是目标之一。

关键词：城市交通；拥堵反思；机动性；出行行为；道路扩容；土地使用方式；紧凑型发展

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Rethinking Traffic Congestion

Written by Brian D. Taylor¹, Translated by SHAO Ling²
(1. Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, USA; 2. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract：Through reflective thinking about traffic congestion, this paper states that traffic congestion is inevitable for vibrant and successful cities, and should be viewed in a different perspective. Thus, ten propositions that challenge conventional ideas are proposed by the paper  which include: mobility is essential to metropolitan life; traffic congestion signalizes a city’s social and economic vitality; capacity expansion is short-lived to eliminate congestion, and induces latent traffic demand, but it may still bring significant social and economic benefit by accommodating more activity; changing travel behavior through land use development is a very long-term endeavor; compact development increases congestion; the best way to get more people to walk and utilize public transit is to make car commuting less attractive (low speed, not reliable and costly); without any pricing policy to discourage car use, the best way to combat traffic congestion may come from the development that favorable for car commuting. Finally, the paper points out that road and parking pricing probably offer the best opportunities for reducing congestion over a longer term, and for any development strategies, congestion reduction is just one of many objectives.

Keywords：urban transportation; rethinking traffic congestion; mobility; travel behavior; capacity expansion; land use patterns; compact development