文章编号：1672-5328（2011）05-0086-09

Pascal Poudenx¹　著，邵玲²　译
（1.加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学社区与区域规划学院，温哥华V6T 1Z2；2. 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，上海 200092）

摘要：简要介绍了12个大城市限制小汽车使用的交通政策，评估其在减少能源消耗和温室气体排放方面取得的效果。这些城市都经历了能源消耗、温室气体排放和私人小汽车保有量增长的过程。在欧洲，多个地区通过提高公共交通的服务质量，增加了公交客运量，但新增乘客来自于非机动交通而非私人小汽车，这实际上增加了能源消耗总量。各城市旨在减少私人小汽车使用的政策并没有获得成功，原因在于这些政策没有满足人们对交通方式可达性和舒适性的需求。随着生活水平的提高，相关投资策略须同时考虑环境保护与人们的出行需求。

关键词：城市客运交通；能源；温室气体；公共交通；投资政策

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

The Effect of Transportation Policies on Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Urban Passenger Transportation

Written by Pascal Poudenx¹, Translated by SHAO Ling²
(1. School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z2, Canada; 2. College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract：This paper offers a brief journey through twelve major cities with various policies in place to curb private vehicle use and assesses their success in term of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Every region reviewed including Singapore is experiencing increase in energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and/or private vehicle ownership.  In Europe, several regions improved  transit quality and increased its ridership attracting non-motorized  modes users instead of private vehicle users effectively increasing the total energy consumption. The author argues that policies aimed at reducing private vehicles use are failing because they do not incorporate the reality of human propensities for accessibility and comfort and they unsuccessfully try to attract customers toward services of lesser perceived quality. The demand for both accessibility and comfort will likely continue to grow with rising standards of living and will be met regardless of the environmental impact. Instead of attempting to constrain private vehicle use, the author suggests raising the competitiveness of alternate modes by investing in more attractive environments for non- motorized modes and designing transit systems actually capable of competing with private vehicles in term of perceived service quality while offering improved environmental  performances.

Keywords：Urban passenger transportation; Energy; Greenhouse gas; Transit; Investment strategy