文章编号：1672-5328（2011）04-0085-10

Javier Bilbao-Ubillos¹　著，万　里²，黎　晴³，黄洪佳⁴　译
（1. 巴斯克地区大学经济与工商管理学院应用经济系，毕尔巴鄂(比斯卡亚) 48015，西班牙；2.兰州市城乡规划局，甘肃 兰州 730030；3.中国城市规划设计研究院，北京 100037；4.宁波城乡规划研究中心，浙江 宁波 315000）

摘要：为评估城市干路交通拥堵导致的经济、环境成本和公众利益损失及其对区域架构的影响，设计了一种定量与定性相结合的分析方法。给出了因交通拥堵产生的八类损失，包括：出行时间损失、燃油损失及车辆损耗、交通事故损失、噪声损失及尾气排放增加的损失等五类从经济或环境、技术角度可量化的损失，以及交通拥堵导致机构搬迁对当地经济的影响、危险品运输风险增加导致的公众利益损失和交通拥堵阻隔效应等三类不可量化的损失。对于可量化的损失,对比拥堵和非拥堵情况下的费用成本，将有助于决策者从公众利益角度构建更为高效的交通系统。

关键词：交通拥堵；可持续发展；城市干路；社会成本；公众利益损失评价

中图分类号：F57

文献标识码：A

The Costs of Urban Congestion: Estimation of Welfare Losses Arising from Congestion on Cross-town Link Roads

Written by Javier Bilbao-Ubillos¹, Translated by WAN Li², LI Qing³, HUANG Hong-jia⁴
(1.Departamento de Economía aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias económicas y empresariales, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao (Vizcaya) 48015, Spain; 2.Lanzhou City Urban and Rural Planning Bureau，Lanzhou Gansu 730030；3.China Academy of Urban Planning & Design， Beijing 100037, China；4.Ningbo Urban-Rural Planning Research Center, Ningbo Zhejiang 315000, China)

Abstract：This paper sets out to formulate a method for estimating the costs and welfare losses of all types that congestion on cross-town link roads causes to the social fabric of the areas affected. Eight main costs are identified, most of them financial or environmental, and techniques are proposed to measure and, where relevant, price the total cost of congestion compared to smooth traffic flows. The intention is for this method to provide results that can be used by public-sector decision-makers to draw up a more efficient overall transport system.

Keywords：congestion; sustainable accessibility; cross-town link; social cost; assessment of welfare losses