文章编号：1672-5328（2011）01-0072-17

Stuart Meek¹，Stephen Ison¹，Marcus Enoch¹　著，邵　玲²，吕永波³　译
（1.英国拉夫堡大学土木工程学院交通研究小组，莱斯特郡 LE11 TU，英国；2.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，上海 200092；3.北京城建道桥建设集团有限公司，北京 100023）

摘要：过去40年里，英国政府鼓励基于公共汽车的停车换乘(P&R)，并将其作为解决交通拥堵和交通污染问题的有效措施，使得此类计划的数量持续增长。为分析当前政策背景下P&R发挥的作用，从P&R作为历史名城解决交通容量不足的方法出现开始，将其发展分为了几个阶段。得出的结论是，政策目标与文献回顾中强调的P&R作用相悖；由于P&R专用公交车辆的低承载率、传统公交乘客的流失及新的出行生成，可能增加使用者的出行距离，并强调在环境、经济领域需要更深入的研究来阐明P&R的作用。

关键词：城市交通；P&R；公共汽车；评述

中图分类号：U491.1⁺2

文献标识码：A

Role of Bus-Based Park and Ride in the UK: A Temporal and Evaluative Review

Written by Stuart Meek¹, Stephen Ison¹, Marcus Enoch¹, Translated by SHAO Ling², LU Yong-bo³
(1.Transport Studies Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 TU, UK; 2.College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; 3. Beijing Urban Construction Road and Bridge Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100023)

Abstract：The number of bus-based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes in the UK has grown substantially over the past 40 years as a result of its encouragement by the Government as a tool to deal with increasing traffic congestion and traffic-related pollution. The aim of this article is to analyse the degree to which P&R is effective in the contemporary policy context. The authors identify phases of development of P&R since its emergence as a local solution to transport capacity constraints in historic towns. Policy goals are identified against which a review of literature is used to highlight its effectiveness. It is concluded that P&R may increase the distance travelled by its users due to low load factors on dedicated buses, public transport abstraction and trip generation, although it is highlighted that there are areas in which further research is required to clarify its impacts.

Keywords：urban transportation；P&R；bus；evaluative review