文章编号：1672-5328（2010）01-0081-14

Jeffrey R. Brown1，Eric A. Morris2，Brian D. Taylor2 著，刘贤腾3 译
（1. 佛罗里达州立大学城市与区域规划系，佛罗里达32306，美国；2. 加州大学洛杉矶分校城市规划系，洛杉矶90095，美国； 3. 南京大学城市与区域规划系，江苏南京210093）

摘要：为了阐述20 世纪除汽车 机动性外，交通发展经历的最重要 的进程——城市高速公路的出现， 考察了过去100 年来美国城市交 通规划的历史。通过回顾各种研 究资料，认为资助州际公路发展所 采用的方法使联邦和州公路工程 师成为主管，这影响了公路的选线 及设计。联邦公路工程师只关注 机动车通过效率的最大化，而在很 大程度上忽略了城市的其他利害 关系。没有先进的规划理念指导、 过度建设、稀疏、放射环状的道路 网对于加强机动性取得了极大的 效益，但通常要为此付出巨大的社 会和环境成本。最后指出，在实践 中要重新审视具有百年历史的协 调交通与土地利用规划的观点，而 且，公共财政权宜之计式的政治决 策方式将对工程、出行和城市形态 产生深远的影响。

关键词：城市高速公路；规划史； 交通

中图分类号：U491.1+2

文献标识码：A

Planning for Cars in Cities: Planners, Engineers, and Freeways in the 20th Century

Written by Jeffrey R. Brown1, Eric A. Morris2, and Brian D. Taylor2, Translated by LIU Xian-teng3
(1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning，Florida State University，Florida 32306, U.S.; 2. Department of Urban Planning，University of California, Los Angeles 90095, U.S.; 3. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210093, China)

Abstract：We consider the history of U.S. urban transportation planning over the past 100 years, to explain the evolution and legacy of the single most important transportation development of the past century save automobility itself: the emergence of the urban freeway. We reviewed primary and secondary material, including plans, manuscripts, newspaper accounts, and scholarly articles and books. We argue that the method used to fund interstate highway development put federal and state highway engineers in charge, and this affected highways' location and design. State highway engineers imposed a narrow, traffic-service oriented vision on metropolitan freeways that focused on maximizing vehicle throughput and largely ignored other urban concerns. With too little advance thought, overbuilt, sparse, ring-radial networks were routed through neighborhoods in cities around the country, often at great social and environmental cost. Though the system has undeniably conferred great benefits in terms of enhanced mobility, the costs have been high as well. A century-old vision of coordinated transportation and land use planning has resurfaced in practice, but in the meantime politically expedient decisions about public finance have had unanticipated, but profound and long-lasting effects on projects, travel, and urban form.

Keywords：urban freeway; planning history; transportation