文章编号： 1672-5328（2024）06-0031-09

张纯1, 3，王驰宇1，POK Peng2，朱高儒1, 3，KHAODETH Pich2
(1. 北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院，北京100044；2. 柬埔寨内阁办公厅，柬埔寨金边120101；3. 北京交通大学 国土空间与交通协同发展研究院，北京100044)

摘要： 柬埔寨金边市近20 年经历了快速人口增长和城市扩张，出现了愈发严重的职住分离和通勤 困难等问题，其通过“以公共交通为导向的现代化都市”战略解决了长期以来公共交通资源限制的 瓶颈，丰富了发展中国家公共汽车交通开发主导下的TOD实践。从交通公平视角梳理国内外公共 交通系统对改善城市职住空间关系和低收入群体就业可达性影响的相关研究成果。以金边市TOD 实践为例，通过2021 年和2024 年两次出行问卷调查，基于GIS 空间统计分析和网络分析法探究公 共汽车交通对不同区位和不同群体就业可达性的影响。结果表明：空间公平方面，尽管公共汽车交 通整体上缩短了城市中心区与郊区间的通勤时耗、改善了就业可达性，但对低收入群体的就业可达 性覆盖仍较为有限；垂直公平方面，多元回归模型分析结果显示，选择公共汽车通勤的低收入群体 获得正式工作岗位的就业比例更高，体现了公共汽车交通对低收入群体就业可达性影响的积极作用。

关键词： 公共汽车交通；TOD；就业可达性；交通公平；柬埔寨金边市

中图分类号： U491.1+7

文献标识码：A

Impacts of Bus Transit on Job Accessibility from the Perspective of Transportation Equity: A Case Study of TOD in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

ZHANG Chun1, 3,WANG Chiyu1, POK Peng2, ZHU Gaoru1, 3, KHAODETH Pich2
(1. School of Architecture and Design, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. The Office of the Council of Ministers, the Kingdom of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 120101, Cambodia; 3. Academy of Transit Oriented Development, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract： In the past two decades, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, has experienced rapid population growth and urban expansion, resulting in substantial challenges such as job-housing imbalance and commuting difficulties. By adopting a strategy of “transit- oriented modern city”, the city has successfully addressed the longstanding bottleneck in limited public transportation resources and enriched the evolutionary practices of bus transit-led Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in developing countries. From the perspective of transportation equity, this paper reviews domestic and international research findings regarding the impact of public transit systems in improving the job-housing spatial relationship and enhancing job accessibility for low-income groups. Using Phnom Penh's TOD practices as a case study, the paper uses data collected from travel surveys conducted in 2021 and 2024 and applies GIS spatial statistical analysis and network analysis to investigate the impacts of bus transit on job accessibility across different locations and demographic groups. The findings reveal that, in terms of spatial equity, while bus transit generally reduces commuting times between urban centers and suburban areas and improves job accessibility, its coverage of job accessibility for low-income groups in various communities remains limited. In terms of vertical equity, multivariate regression model analysis indicates that low-income groups commuting by bus have a higher proportion of securing formal job positions, highlighting the positive impact of bus transit on job accessibility for these groups.

Keywords： bus transit; TOD; job accessibility; transportation equity; Phnom Penh, Cambodia