文章编号： 1672-5328（2026）03-0101-12

王晶1，刘旭日2，郭虹娟3，路羡乔4
(1. 北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院，北京100044；2. 河北师范大学家政学院，河北石家庄050010；3. 中国 城市建设研究院有限公司，北京100011；4. 北京市城市规划设计研究院，北京100045)

摘要： 通过分析儿童通学环境供需特征，为儿童友好型通学环境研究提供新视角，助力儿童友好城 市建设。基于可供性理论，从儿童行为与心理特征出发，构建儿童通学环境—行为可供性评估体 系。该体系将儿童通学行为划分为感知、使用、创造及社会文化4 个可供性类别，并结合安全性、 便捷性、舒适性、趣味性4 大类共22 项环境要素，建立可供性表现评价矩阵，进而引入供求差率以 分析环境供给与行为需求之间的匹配程度。以北京市西城区进步小学为例进行实证研究，发现该区 域的通学环境在安全性与趣味性方面供给相对不足，在便捷性方面整体较好。在此基础上，从空间 设计、设施优化与协同治理3 个方面提出儿童通学环境优化策略，以提升环境品质、促进儿童独立 通学，并为可供性理论在儿童群体与环境交互研究中的应用提供实证补充。

关键词： 通学环境；可供性；环境要素；行为要素；供求差率；儿童友好城市；北京市

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Assessment and Optimization of Children's Commuting Environments Based on the Theory of Affordance: A Case Study of Jinbu Primary School in Xicheng District, Beijing

Wang Jing1, Liu Xuri2, Guo Hongjuan3, Lu Xianqiao4
(1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; 2. College of Home Economics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050010, China; 3. China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China; 4. Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design, Beijing 100045, China)

Abstract： By analyzing the supply and demand characteristics of children's school commuting environments, this paper offers a new perspective for research on child-friendly commuting and contributes to the development of child-friendly cities. Based on the theory of affordance and drawing on children's behavioral and psychological characteristics, the paper constructs an evaluation system for children's school commuting environment-behavioral affordance. The system categorizes children's school commuting behaviors into four affordance types: perception, use, creation, and sociocultural affordance. By integrating 22 environmental factors across four categories: safety, convenience, comfort, and enjoyment, it establishes an affordance performance evaluation matrix. Furthermore, the paper introduces a supply-demand gap ratio to analyze the degree of alignment between environmental supply and behavioral demand. An empirical study conducted at Jinbu Primary School in Xicheng district, Beijing, reveals that the school commuting environment in this area is relatively deficient in terms of safety and enjoyment, while it performs well overall in terms of convenience. Based on these findings, optimization strategies for the children's school commuting environment are proposed across three dimensions: spatial design, facility optimization, and collaborative governance, in order to improve environmental quality, promote children's independent commuting, and provide empirical support for the application of affordance theory in research on the interaction between children and their environment.

Keywords： school commuting environment; affordance; environmental factors; behavioral factors; supplydemand gap; child-friendly city; Beijing