文章编号：1672-5328（2010）03-0058-06

朱松丽
（国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所，北京100038）

摘要：北京和上海在城市发展阶 段、人口规模等方面具有较强可比 性，同时实施了既有相同点又有不 同点的城市交通政策，对两市的城 市交通能耗和温室气体排放进行 比较可客观地评价其政策的实施 效果。以不同燃料驱动的不同类 型车辆的保有量、年均运营距离、 能源强度及排放强度为主要参数 定量计算2005 年两市的城市交通 能耗和CO2排放量。结果发现，两 市城市交通能耗总量接近，但上海 市的能耗强度和温室气体排放强 度略低于北京市，这归功于机动车 总量控制政策、公共交通优先发展 以及广泛使用的非机动交通。但 是，近几年上海城市交通的碳排放 强度有明显上升趋势，两市的差距 可能逐渐减小。最后，就两市在公 共交通(尤其是出租汽车)、非机动 交通等方面的发展政策给出建议。

关键词：城市交通；能源消耗；温室 气体排放

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Comparison of Transportation Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission between Beijing and Shanghai

ZHU Song-li
(Energy Research Institute，National Development and Reform Commission , Beijing 100038, China)

Abstract：Because of the similarities in economic development and population, as well as somewhat different urban transportation policies between Beijing and Shanghai, this paper compares the transportation energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the two cities in order to objectively evaluate their policies. Using number of vehicles in each vehicle category with different fuel brand, their respective annual average travel distance, energy consumption, and emissions intensity as main input variables, traffic energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the two cities in 2005 are estimated. The study results show that while the total energy emission from both two cities are almost the same, the emission intensity and greenhouse gas emission in Shanghai are slightly lower than that in Beijing due to the shanghai's policies in controlling total number of automobiles, prioritizing public transits, and promoting non-motorized travel. However, urban traffic carbon emission in Shanghai has been on a steady rise in recent years, which could reduce the gap between the two cities. Lastly, the paper gives few policy suggestions on the development of public transit (especially taxi) and non-motorized travel.

Keywords：urban transportation; energy consumption; greenhouse gas emission