文章编号：1672-5328（2012）01-0001-05

Zoltán Gyarmati¹　著，李　薇²　译
（1.美国交通与发展政策研究所欧洲代表处，匈牙利 布达佩斯 1126；2. 广州市市政工程设计研究院，广东 广州 510060）

摘要：中国目前的交通情况与过去的欧洲有很多相似之处，可借鉴其相关经验教训。以匈牙利布达佩斯为例，探讨其如何利用交通需求管理措施进行城市停车管理。首先指出停车管理的目标应为降低小汽车的使用需求、强化公共交通相对于私人交通的竞争力。然后，在路内停车管理层面，剖析中国停车管理存在的问题，分别从政策及标准、运营管理模式、技术应用三方面阐述布达佩斯的实践经验。在路外停车管理层面，指出中国未对项目开发商提出公交可达性要求，同时介绍了布达佩斯项目开发许可程序的相关要求及经验。最后，强调应与市民进行有效沟通，使市民明确知道停车收费的目的及收益用途。

关键词：交通需求管理；停车管理；路内停车；路外停车；停车收费

中图分类号：U491.7

文献标识码：A

Budapest Parking Management as One of Travel Demand Management Measures

Written by Zoltán Gyarmati¹, Translated by Li Wei²
(Institute for Transportation and Development Policy European Representative Office, Budapest 1126, Hungary; 2. Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Guangzhou Guangdong 510060, China)

Abstract：Because current urban transportation development in China is quite similar to what they were in Europe a few decades ago, it is necessary for China to learn the lessons from some European cities. Taking Budapest in Hungary as an example, this paper discusses how the city implements parking management strategies as part of the Travel Demand Management (TDM) measures. The paper first points out that the objective of parking management is to reduce the demand of private car use and to enhance the competitiveness of public transit against private transportation. By specifically looking at on-street parking management, this paper analyzes the existing problems in China and introduces the Budapest experience in three aspects: policy and standard, operation system and technology. Through analyzing on off-street parking management, the paper points out the lack of public transit accessibility requirement to project developers in China and introduces the procedure of project development permission in Budapest. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of effective communication between government and citizens, which can help general public understanding the purpose and usage of parking charges.

Keywords：Travel Demand Management; parking management; on-street parking; off-street parking; parking pricing