文章编号：1672-5328（2012）05-0068-06

李　可¹，张　戎²
（1.交通运输部规划研究院，北京100028；2.同济大学交通运输工程学院，上海201804）

摘要：通过研究并量化小汽车使用的外部污染成本，对于提高所有道路交通使用者的公平性，促进交通系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。首先总结分析了评估小汽车外部污染的现有模型；然后以影响路径法为理论基础，建立了小汽车外部污染健康成本测算方法。结合北京地区小汽车保有量、排放因子、年平均行驶里程等指标，计算了北京地区小汽车HC，CO，NOx，PM10，SO2等污染物的年排放量，并运用医疗费用法和支付意愿法测算了2009年北京市小汽车排放的健康成本。结果显示，2009年北京市小汽车污染导致的健康总成本为6.48亿元，占GDP总量的0.055%，占小汽车使用成本的1.84%。

关键词：交通运输经济；小汽车污染成本；影响路径法；健康成本

中图分类号：U491.9⁺2

文献标识码：A

Study on External Air Pollution Costs by Usage of Cars

Li Ke¹, Zhang Rong²
(1.Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China; 2. School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

Abstract：Research on quantitative air pollution cost by cars helps significantly for enhancing the fairness for all roadway users, and for promoting the sustainable development of transport system. The paper first analyzes the models for the car pollution cost estimation; and then based on the impact pathway approach, introduces a method for calculating the external pollution cost of cars. Finally, this paper provides the methods of measuring the annual emission of HC, CO, NOx, PM10, SO2 from cars in Beijing by using the various indicators such as car volume, emission factors and average annual vehicle mileage of cars and taxis. The healthy problem caused by cars emissions in 2009 in Beijing is calculated in using the medical cost approach and the willingness to pay methods. The results show that the total health cost of the car pollution in Beijing in 2009 is 684 million yuan, which accounts for 0.055% of the total GDP, and 1.84% of the cost of car usage.

Keywords：transport economy; car pollution cost; impact pathway model; cost of healthy