文章编号：1672-5328（2011）04-0053-08

王　家¹，张晓东²
（1.清华大学土木水利学院，北京 100084；2.北京市城市规划设计研究院，北京 100045）

摘要：为借鉴美国城市停车政策从充分满足需求到停车需求管理转变的成功经验，回顾了美国城市停车政策的发展历史，并对21世纪以来美国城市停车政策发展的新趋势进行解析。指出城市停车政策对出行方式选择和城市空间环境规划设计具有重大影响，进而对城市交通拥堵、空气质量、土地开发密度、街道活力、步行交通环境等产生影响。最后，针对当前中国城市的停车政策，提出停车需求管理、停车管理差别化、停车设施共享、科学制定停车计费标准和严格执行停车管理政策等五方面的建议。

关键词：城市交通；停车政策；路内停车；路外停车；需求管理

中图分类号：U491.7

文献标识码：A

A Review on U.S. Parking Policies

WANG Jia¹, ZHANG Xiao-dong²
(1. School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ; 2.Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning and Design, Beijing 100045, China)

Abstract：To learn the lessons from the U.S. parking policies, especially its successful policy change from “meeting demand” to “managing demand”, this paper reviews the development of U.S. parking policies and discusses the new development of parking management strategies in the 21 century. The study shows that parking policies not only greatly affect travel mode choice and urban spatial planning and landscape design, but also influence level of urban traffic congestion, air quality, land use development, residential street vitality, and pedestrian environment. Finally, aiming at the current parking policies in China, the paper proposes the parking policies in several aspects: parking demand management, differentiating parking management at various locations, sharing parking space, proper parking pricing, and parking management implementation.

Keywords：urban transportation; parking policies; on-street parking; off-street parking; demand management