文章编号：1672-5328（2012）05-0014-04

胥耀方，邵毅明
（重庆交通大学交通运输学院，重庆 400074）

摘要：针对单纯依靠提高交通供给的方式难以满足日益增长的交通需求，导致大城市交通拥堵日益剧增的问题，梳理并评析国内外各大城市的交通需求管理实践经验。首先，将交通需求管理策略分为控制出行需求和引导出行方式两大方面。然后，从城市规划和交通规划相配合，以及交通影响分析的角度对控制出行需求进行分析。最后，从引导小汽车合理使用、提高公交服务水平和调整出行时空分布三方面指出引导出行需求的具体方法，包括从限购和限用小汽车的角度引导小汽车合理使用的策略；从轨道交通建设、公交线网优化、公交专用车道建设等方面提高公交服务水平的策略；从实行错时上下班、征收拥堵费等角度调整出行时空分布的策略。

关键词：交通管理；交通需求管理；出行需求；交通方式

中图分类号：U491

文献标识码：A

Urban Travel Demand Management Strategy

Xu Yaofang, Shao Yiming
(Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

Abstract：It has been clear that urban traffic congestion problem can not be solved, and can get worse, by increasing roadway capacity only though new roadway constructions. In this paper, the travel demand management practice measures applied in China and elsewhere in the world are analyzed in two aspects: methods in controlling and directing travel demand. Then, the measures that can reduce the travel demand includes combining the urban land use planning and transportation planning in traffic impact analysis(TIA). Finally, the paper proposes the measures of directing the travel demand in three parts: promoting reasonable usage of cars, improving services level of public transportation, and adjusting travel demand spatial and temporal distributions. The strategies of restriction car sale and usage are introduced in order to meet reasonable demand. The methods of improving the services level of public transportation are rail transit construction，transit network optimization and bus-lane construction. The method of congestion pricing and time adjustment are analyzed to balance the distribution of travel demand.

Keywords：traffic management; travel demand management; travel demand; travel modes