文章编号： 1672-5328（2025）06-0106-08

马亮
(深圳市规划国土发展研究中心，广东深圳518040)

摘要： 掌握网络预约出租汽车(以下简称“网约车”)驾驶人群体结构及运营特征的变化，对制定科 学精准的行业管理政策具有重要意义。基于深圳市2021 年(新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间)与2023 年 (疫情后恢复期)的网约车订单数据，提出一种基于车辆运营时间的驾驶人群体识别方法，将网约车 驾驶人划分为专职和兼职两类。分析结果表明：网约车驾驶人群体呈现职业化转型趋势，专职驾驶 人数量增长较快，其运营持续时间长、运力时间分布均衡，偏好于中心城区运营，日均每车订单数 较高，已成为网约车运营的主体；兼职驾驶人则主要服务于通勤高峰时段，运营时间短且灵活，对 运营区位的选择性较弱，是高峰时段出租汽车运力的重要补充。此外，受网约车快速发展的冲击， 巡游出租汽车的市场份额和运营效率均出现明显下降。最后，针对网约车与巡游出租汽车同质化竞 争等问题，从运营规模调控与时空资源配置等方面提出管理建议。

关键词： 交通政策；网约车；聚类分析；驾驶人群体结构；运营特征；深圳市

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Group Identification and Operational Characteristics Analysis of Online Ride- Hailing Drivers: A Case Study of Shenzhen

MALiang
(Shenzhen Planning & Land Research Center, Shenzhen Guangdong 518040, China)

Abstract： Understanding the changes in the structure and operational characteristics of the driver group of online- hailing taxis (OHT) is crucial for formulating scientific and precise regulatory policies. Based on the OHT order data of Shenzhen in 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2023 (the recovery period after the pandemic), a driver group identification method based on vehicle operation time is proposed, dividing OHT drivers into full-time and part-time categories. The findings reveal a trend toward professionalization among ride-hailing drivers. The number of full-time drivers has grown rapidly; they operate for longer hours, distribute their service time more evenly, prefer working in central urban areas, and complete more daily orders per vehicle. As a result, they have become the dominant workforce in the ride hailing. Part-time drivers, mainly serve during peak commuting hours, with short and flexible operation times and weak selectivity in choosing operational locations, serving as an important supplement to taxi supply during peak hours. In addition, due to the rapid development of OHT, the market share and operational efficiency of traditional taxis have significantly declined. Finally, in response to issues such as the homogenization competition between OHT and traditional taxis, policy recommendations are proposed from aspects such as operation scale regulation and spatio-temporal resource allocation.

Keywords： transportation policies; online ride-hailing taxi; driver group structure; operational characteristics; Shenzhen