文章编号： 1672-5328（2026）01-0113-10

李浩1, 2，高凯悦1，王飞3
(1. 北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院，北京100044；2. 杭州国际城市学研究中心〔浙江省城市治理研究中心〕， 浙江杭州311121；3. 新华通讯社，北京100803)

摘要： 城墙拆除是北京近现代城市发展进程中的一个重大历史事件。从城市规划的视角出发，基于 对大量原始档案的系统查阅及相关专家访谈，重点对北京内外城城墙的拆除过程与原因进行历史考 察。研究发现，新中国成立后对北京内外城城墙曾有过各种“保”的努力，后因交通、市政等现实 矛盾激化而转向“拆”的决策。在此过程中，政策执行因多方意见分歧而出现犹豫与反复，管理措 施也有回撤和摇摆。究其根源，城墙拆除以交通和市政建设问题为主导，但国防需要、社会变迁和 政治动员等因素也交织其中。而1965—1970 年因备战需要修建地铁，导致内城城墙绝大部分被彻 底拆除，成为整个拆除过程中最具决定性的转折。这一结局既体现了特定历史条件下多重因素叠加 的历史必然性，亦不无具体决策环节中的偶然性与无奈。

关键词： 城市规划史；城墙；城门；交通；历史文化保护；北京市

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

A Historical Examination of the Demolition Process and Causes of Beijing's Inner and Outer City Walls (Part one)

Li Hao1, 2, Gao Kaiyue1,Wang Fei3
(1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center [Zhejiang Urban Governance Studies Center], Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121, China; 3. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing 100803, China)

Abstract： The demolition of city walls was a major historical event in the course of Beijing's modern urban development. From the perspective of urban planning, this study conducts a historical investigation of the demolition process and causes of the inner and outer city walls of Beijing. The analysis is based on systematical review of a large number of original archives and interviews with relevant experts. The findings show that, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were various attempts to preserve the inner and outer walls. However, as practical conflicts in transportation and municipal development intensified, policy shifted from preservation to demolition. During this process, disagreements among different parties led to hesitation and repeated policy changes in implementation. Management measures also showed retreat and fluctuation. In essence, transportation and municipal construction needs played the leading role in the demolition. At the same time, national defense demands, social change, and political mobilization were also intertwined. Between 1965 and 1970, the construction of the subway for war-preparedness purposes caused the near-complete demolition of the inner-city walls. This became the most decisive turning point in the whole process. The final outcome reflected both historical necessity under specific historical conditions with multiple factors combined, and contingency and constraints at specific decision-making stages.

Keywords： history of urban planning; city walls; city gates; transportation; historical and cultural protection; Beijing