文章编号： 1672-5328（2019）02-0114-05

倪训友1, 2, 3，孙健2, 3
(1.浙江理工大学建筑工程学院，浙江杭州310018；2.上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院，海洋工程国家重 点实验室，上海200240；3.上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院，智能交通与无人机应用研究中心，上海 200240)

摘要： 停车问题是中国大中型城市面临的主要交通问题之一。考虑到早期对停车问题认识不足和城 市空间资源紧张的实际情况，发展公共停车场十分必要。构建城市公共停车场选址双层规划模型： 下层优化目标为考虑停车场容量约束的用户均衡，上层优化目标为行驶时间和步行时间广义成本最 小。该模型克服了传统规划模型无法同时考虑行驶时间、等待时间、停车收费和步行时间的缺点， 并利用交通规划软件EMME3 进行求解。最后，基于经典Sioux Falls 路网算例的结果表明，停车场 选址双层规划模型求解过程相对简单，结果较为可靠。该研究方法可为城市公共停车场规划建设和 相关政策制定提供理论支持。

关键词： 交通规划；公共停车场；选址优化；双层规划；EMME

中图分类号： U491.1+2

文献标识码：A

Bi-Level Model for Public Parking Facilities Site Selection

Ni Xunyou1, 2, 3, Sun Jian2, 3
(1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 3.Center for Intelligent Transportation and Unmanned Aerial System Applications Research, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract： Parking issue turns to be a critical problem in large- and medium-sized cities. Many cities have to face two typical difficulties: inadequate parking spaces planning at early periods and the limited spatial resources in urban areas. This paper develops a bi-level model for public parking facilities site selection, in which the objective in lower level is to implement the User Equilibrium (UE) with parking capacity constraints while the objective in upper level is to minimize the generalized cost including travel time and walking time. Comparing with the traditional models, this model features simultaneously considering travel time, waiting time, parking charge, and walking time. Moreover, the commercial transportation software EMME3 was adopted to solve the proposed model. Based on a case study on the typical Sioux Falls network, the proposed method produces a more reliable result with a simply solving procedure. The algorithm could provide a theoretical basis for a better planning of urban public parking facilities.

Keywords： transportation planning; public parking facilities; site optimization; bi- level programming; EMME