文章编号： 1672-5328（2021）01-0112-09

裴玉龙1，潘恒彦1，马部珍2
(1. 东北林业大学交通学院，黑龙江哈尔滨150040；2.银川市规划编制研究中心，宁夏银川750000)

摘要： 公共汽车站可达性可衡量公共交通设施的便利程度。从居民出行点与公共汽车站的最短距 离、出行者的出行阈值以及车站的平均服务范围三个方面出发，构建车站空间可达性度量模型，对 出行者到达公共汽车站的难易程度进行度量。考虑途经车站的线路配车数量、高峰与平峰运营速度 等因素，建立车站网络可达性度量模型，对出行者通过某个车站到达区域其他地方的机会大小进行 度量。将车站空间可达性与车站网络可达性相结合，建立潜点网络可达性度量模型，对空间中各出 行潜点到达其他区域的难易程度进行度量。选取哈尔滨市二环快速路范围内区域为研究对象，通过 GIS 手段对公共汽车站可达性进行建模与运算。结果表明，公共汽车站可达性空间分布不均衡，公 共汽车出行分担率与公共汽车站可达性具有相关性。

关键词： 交通规划；公共汽车；车站；可达性；GIS

中图分类号： U491

文献标识码：A

Accessibility of Urban Bus Stops Based on GIS

Pei Yulong1, Pan Hengyan1, Ma Buzhen2
(1.School of Traffic, Northeast Foresty University, Harbin Heilongjiang 150040, China; 2.Yinchuan Planning＆ Research Center, Yinchuan Ningxia 750000, China)

Abstract： The accessibility of bus stops can be used to evaluate the convenience of public transportation facilities. Based on the shortest distance between residents' travel origins and bus stops, travel threshold and bus stops' average service coverage, this paper develops an accessibility model to measure the difficulty of travelers accessing to bus stops. Considering the number of buses, peak and nonpeak traveling speed and other factors, a stop network accessibility model is established to measure the probability of travelers to reach other places in the region around certain bus stop. Combining the spatial accessibility with the stop network accessibility, an accessability model of latent points is developed to estimate the accessibility of each position to other areas. Taking the Second Ring Road in Harbin as an example, the accessibility of bus stops is modeled and calculated by GIS. The results show that the spatial distribution of bus stops accessibility is unbalanced, and there is a correlation between residents' travel and bus stops accessibility.

Keywords： transportation planning; bus; stops; accessibility; GIS